List of β-lactam antibiotics
This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class. Antibiotics are listed alphabetically within their class or subclass by their nonproprietary name. If an antibiotic is a combination drug, both ingredients will be listed.
Penams
Narrow-spectrum
β-lactamase-sensitive
- Benzathine
- benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
- Benzathine penicillin G
- Benzathine penicillin V
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
- Procaine penicillin
- Pheneticillin
β-lactamase-resistant
- Cloxacillin
- Dicloxacillin
- Flucloxacillin
- Methicillin
- Nafcillin
- Oxacillin
- Temocillin
Broad spectrum
- Amoxicillin
- Ampicillin
Extended spectrum (Antipseudomonal)
Carboxypenicillins
Ureidopenicillins
Cephems
First generation (moderate spectrum)
Second generation (moderate spectrum)
cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefprozil
With anti-Haemophilus activity
With anti-anaerobic activity
Third generation (broad spectrum)
Fourth generation (broad spectrum)
(With β-lactamase stability and enhanced activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Fifth generation* (broad spectrum)
(activity against MRSA and variably VRE. *Not universally accepted nomenclature. NO Antipseudomonal activity, mostly ceftriaxone coverage with additional MRSA and some VRE)
Carbapenems and penems
(Broadest spectrum of β-lactam antibiotics)
Monobactams
- Aztreonam
- Tigemonam
- Nocardicin A
- Tabtoxinine β-lactam (does not inhibit penicillin-binding proteins)
β-lactamase inhibitors
- v
- t
- e
(inhibit synthesis
of peptidoglycan
layer of bacterial
cell wall by binding
to and inhibiting
PBPs, a group of
D-alanyl-D-alanine
transpeptidases)
Penicillins (Penams) |
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Carbapenems / Penems | |||||||||||||||||
Cephems Cephalosporins Cephamycins Carbacephems |
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Monobactams | |||||||||||||||||
β-lactamase inhibitors |
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Combinations |
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Glycopeptides Lipoglycopeptides |
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Lipopeptides |
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Polymyxins |
|
Other |
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- Inhibit PG subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)
- DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)
- bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)
- Hydrolyze NAM-NAG
- Tyrothricin
- Isoniazid#
- Teixobactin
- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III