Prémio Pulitzer de Biografia ou Autobiografia

O Prémio Pulitzer de Biografia ou Autobiografia é um dos sete Prémios Pulitzer que são atribuídos anualmente nas áreas das Letras, Teatro e Música. Tem sido entregue desde 1917 a uma biografia ou autobiografia notável executada por um escritor ou co-autores Norte-americanos, publicada durante o ano precedente. Este é um dos Pulitzers originais, tendo o programa começado em 1917 com sete prémios, quatro dos quais entregues nesse ano.^[1]

Os finalistas têm sido anunciados desde 1980, geralmente dois para além do vencedor.^[2]

Vencedores

Nos seus primeiros 97 anos até 2013, o Pulitzer de Biografia foi atribuído 97 vezes. Dois foram entregues em 1938, nenhum em 1962.^[2]

1910s

• 1917: Julia Ward Howe de Laura E. Richards e Maud Howe Elliott, assistido por Florence Howe Hall
• 1918: Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed de William Cabell Bruce
• 1919: The Education of Henry Adams de Henry Adams

1920s

• 1920: The Life of John Marshall, 4 vols. de Albert J. Beveridge
• 1921: The Americanization of Edward Bok de Edward Bok
• 1922: A Daughter of the Middle Border de Hamlin Garland
• 1923: The Life and Letters of Walter H. Page de Burton J. Hendrick
• 1924: From Immigrant to Inventor de Michael I. Pupin
• 1925: Barrett Wendell and His Letters de M. A. Dewolfe Howe
• 1926: The Life of Sir William Osler, 2 vols. de Harvey Cushing
• 1927: Whitman de Emory Holloway
• 1928: The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas de Charles Edward Russell
• 1929: The Training of an American: The Earlier Life and Letters of Walter H. Page de Burton J. Hendrick

1930s

• 1930: The Raven: A Biography of Sam Houston by Marquis James
• 1931: Charles W. Eliot, President of Harvard University, 1869-1901 by Henry James
• 1932: Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography by Henry F. Pringle
• 1933: Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage de Allan Nevins
• 1934: John Hay de Tyler Dennett
• 1935: R. E. Lee de Douglas S. Freeman
• 1936: The Thought and Character of William James de Ralph Barton Perry
• 1937: Hamilton Fish de Allan Nevins
• 1938: Pedlar's Progress: The Life of Bronson Alcott de Odell Shepard
• 1938: Andrew Jackson, 2 vols. de Marquis James
• 1939: Benjamin Franklin de Carl Van Doren

1940s

• 1940: Woodrow Wilson, Life and Letters. Vols. VII and VIII de Ray Stannard Baker
• 1941: Jonathan Edwards, 1703-1758: a biography de Ola Elizabeth Winslow
• 1942: Crusader in Crinoline: The Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe de Forrest Wilson
• 1943: Admiral of the Ocean Sea de Samuel Eliot Morison
• 1944: The American Leonardo: The Life of Samuel F. B. Morse de Carleton Mabee
• 1945: George Bancroft: Brahmin Rebel de Russel Blaine Nye
• 1946: Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir de Linnie Marsh Wolfe
• 1947: The Autobiography of William Allen White de William Allen White
• 1948: Forgotten First Citizen: John Bigelow de Margaret Clapp
• 1949: Roosevelt and Hopkins de Robert E. Sherwood

1950s

• 1950: John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy de Samuel Flagg Bemis
• 1951: John C. Calhoun: American Portrait de Margaret Louise Coit
• 1952: Charles Evans Hughes de Merlo J. Pusey
• 1953: Edmund Pendleton 1721–1803 de David J. Mays
• 1954: The Spirit of St. Louis de Charles A. Lindbergh
• 1955: The Taft Story de William S. White
• 1956: Benjamin Henry Latrobe de Talbot Faulkner Hamlin
• 1957: Profiles in Courage de John F. Kennedy
• 1958: George Washington, Volumes I-VI de Douglas Southall Freeman, e Volume VII, escrito por John Alexander Carroll e Mary Wells Ashworth após a morte do Dr. Freeman em 1953
• 1959: Woodrow Wilson, American Prophet de Arthur Walworth

1960s

• 1960: John Paul Jones de Samuel Eliot Morison
• 1961: Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War de David Donald
• 1962: não foi entregue o prémio ^[3]
• 1963: Henry James de Leon Edel
• 1964: John Keats de Walter Jackson Bate
• 1965: Henry Adams, 3 vols., de Ernest Samuels
• 1966: A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House de Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
• 1967: Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain de Justin Kaplan
• 1968: Memoirs de George Frost Kennan
• 1969: The Man From New York: John Quinn and His Friends de Benjamin Lawrence Reid

1970s

• 1970: Huey Long de Thomas Harry Williams
• 1971: Robert Frost : The Years of Triumph, 1915–1938, de Lawrence Thompson
• 1972: Eleanor and Franklin de Joseph P. Lash
• 1973: Luce and His Empire de W. A. Swanberg
• 1974: O'Neill, Son and Artist de Louis Sheaffer
• 1975: The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York de Robert Caro
• 1976: Edith Wharton: A Biography de R. W. B. Lewis
• 1977: A Prince of Our Disorder: The Life of T. E. Lawrence de John E. Mack
• 1978: Samuel Johnson de Walter Jackson Bate
• 1979: Days of Sorrow and Pain: Leo Baeck and the Berlin Jews de Leonard Baker

1980s

Os registos a partir daqui incluem os finalistas listados após o vencedor de cada ano.

• 1980: The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt de Edmund Morris
  • Being Bernard Berenson de Meryle Secrest
  • Bernard Berenson, The Making of a Connoisseur de Ernest Samuels
  • The Duke of Deception de Geoffrey Wolff
• 1981: Peter the Great: His Life and World de Robert K. Massie
  • Walt Whitman: A Life de Justin Kaplan
  • Walter Lippmann and the American Century de Ronald Steel
• 1982: Grant: A Biography de William S. McFeely
  • Mornings on Horseback de David McCullough
  • Waldo Emerson de Gay Wilson Allen
• 1983: Growing Up de Russell Baker
  • Churchill: Young Man in a Hurry, 1874–1915 de Ted Morgan
  • Thomas E. Dewey and His Times de Richard Norton Smith
• 1984: Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901–1915 de Louis R. Harlan
  • Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just by Kenneth Manning
  • Thomas Carlyle: A Biography de Fred Kaplan
• 1985: The Life and Times of Cotton Mather de Kenneth Silverman
  • Becoming William James de Howard M. Feinstein
  • The Seven Mountains of Thomas Merton de Michael Mott
• 1986: Louise Bogan: A Portrait de Elizabeth Frank
  • A Hidden Childhood: A Jewish Girl's Sanctuary in a French Convent, 1942–1945 de Frida Scheps Weinstein
  • George Washington Williams: A Biography de John Hope Franklin
• 1987: Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference de David J. Garrow
  • Dostoevsky: The Stir of Liberation, 1860–1865 de Joseph Frank
  • Murrow: His Life and Times by A.M. Sperber
  • The Life and Times of Congressman John Quincy Adams de Leonard L. Richards
• 1988: Look Homeward: A Life of Thomas Wolfe de David Herbert Donald
  • George Santayana: A Biography de John Owen McCormick
  • Hemingway de Kenneth S. Lynn
• 1989: Oscar Wilde de Richard Ellmann
  • A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam de Neil Sheehan
  • Freud: A Life for Our Time de Peter Gay
  • The Life of Langston Hughes: Volume II, 1941–1967: I Dream a World de Arnold Rampersad

1990s

• 1990: Machiavelli in Hell de Sebastian de Grazia
  • A First-Class Temperament: The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt de Geoffrey C. Ward
  • Clear Pictures: First Loves, First Guides de Reynolds Price
  • The Road From Coorain de Jill Ker Conway
• 1991: Jackson Pollock: An American Saga de Steven Naifeh e Gregory White Smith
  • Alfred I. Du Pont: The Man and His Family de Joseph Frazier Wall
  • The Five of Hearts: An Intimate Portrait of Henry Adams and His Friends 1880–1918 de Patricia O'Toole
• 1992: Fortunate Son: The Autobiography of Lewis B. Puller Jr. de Lewis B. Puller
  • Frederick Douglass by William S. McFeely
  • Orwell: The Authorized Biography de Michael Shelden
• 1993: Truman de David McCullough
  • Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman de James Gleick
  • Kissinger de Walter Isaacson
• 1994: W. E. B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868–1919 de David Levering Lewis
  • Genet: A Biography de Edmund White
  • In Extremis: The Life of Laura Riding de Deborah Baker
• 1995: Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life de Joan D. Hedrick
  • Hugo Black: A Biography de Roger K. Newman
  • Saint-Exupery: A Biography de Stacy Schiff
• 1996: God: A Biography de Jack Miles
  • John Sloan: Painter and Rebel de John Loughery
  • Mozart: A Life de Maynard Solomon
• 1997: Angela's Ashes: A Memoir de Frank McCourt
  • Herman Melville: A Biography, Volume 1, 1819–1851 de Hershel Parker
  • In the Wilderness: Coming of Age in Unknown Country de Kim Barnes
• 1998: Personal History de Katharine Graham
  • Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public-Private Life de James H. Jones
  • Whittaker Chambers: A Biography de Sam Tanenhaus
• 1999: Lindbergh de A. Scott Berg
  • A Beautiful Mind de Sylvia Nasar
  • Gray At Home with the Marquis de Sade: A Life de Francine du Plessix

2000s

• 2000: Vera, Mrs. Vladimir Nabokov de Stacy Schiff
  • Clear Springs: A Memoir de Bobbie Ann Mason
  • Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love de Dava Sobel
• 2001: W. E. B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century 1919-1963 de David Levering Lewis
  • Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician de Christoph Wolff
  • The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin de H.W. Brands
• 2002: John Adams de David McCullough
  • An Hour Before Daylight: Memories of a Rural Boyhood de Jimmy Carter
  • Grant de Jean Edward Smith
• 2003: Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson de Robert Caro
  • Beethoven: The Music and the Life de Lewis Lockwood
  • The Fly Swatter by Nicholas Dawidoff
• 2004: Khrushchev: The Man and His Era de William Taubman
  • Arshile Gorky: His Life and Work de Hayden Herrera
  • Isaac Newton de James Gleick
• 2005: de Kooning: An American Master de Mark Stevens e Annalyn Swan
  • Under a Wild Sky: John James Audubon and the Making of The Birds of America by William Souder
  • Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare de Stephen Greenblatt
• 2006: American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer de Kai Bird e Martin J. Sherwin
  • The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism de Megan Marshall
  • The Year of Magical Thinking de Joan Didion
• 2007: The Most Famous Man in America de Debby Applegate
  • Andrew Carnegie de David Nasaw
  • John Wilkes: The Scandalous Father of Civil Liberty de Arthur H. Cash
• 2008: Eden's Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father de John Matteson
  • The Life of Kingsley Amis de Zachary Leader
  • The Worlds of Lincoln Kirstein de Martin Duberman
• 2009: American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House de Jon Meacham
  • The Bin Ladens: An Arabian Family in the American Century de Steve Coll
  • Traitor to His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt de H.W. Brands

2010s

• 2010: The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt de T.J. Stiles
  • Cheever: A Life de Blake Bailey
  • Woodrow Wilson: A Biography de John Milton Cooper, Jr.
• 2011: Washington: A Life de Ron Chernow
  • Mrs. Adams in Winter: A Journey in the Last Days of Napoleon de Michael O'Brien
  • The Publisher: Henry Luce and His American Century de Alan Brinkley
• 2012: George F. Kennan: An American Life de John Lewis Gaddis
  • Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention de Manning Marable
  • Love and Capital: Karl and Jenny Marx and the Birth of a Revolution de Mary Gabriel
• 2013: The Black Count: Glory, Revolution, Betrayal, and the Real Count of Monte Cristo de Tom Reiss
  • Portrait of a Novel: Henry James and the Making of an American Masterpiece de Michael Gorra
  • The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy de David Nasaw
• 2014: Margaret Fuller: A New American Life de Megan Marshall
  • Jonathan Swift: His Life and His World de Leo Damrosch
  • Karl Marx: A Nineteenth-Century Life de Jonathan Sperber
• 2015: The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe de David I. Kertzer^[4]
  • Louis Armstrong: Master of Modernism de Thomas Brothers
  • Stalin: Volume I: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928 de Stephen Kotkin
• 2016: Barbarian Days: A Surfing Life de William Finnegan
  • Custer's Trials: A Life on the Frontier of a New America de T. J. Stiles
  • The Light of the World: A Memior de Elizabeth Alexander

Vencedores repetentes

Ninguém venceu o Pulitzer de Biografia ou Autiobiografia três vezes. Onze pessoas venceram duas vezes:

• Burton J. Hendrick, 1923, 1929
• Marquis James, 1930, 1938
• Allan Nevins, 1933, 1937
• Douglas S. Freeman, 1935, 1958
• Samuel Eliot Morison, 1943, 1960
• David Herbert Donald, 1961, 1988
• Walter Jackson Bate, 1964, 1978
• Robert Caro, 1975, 2003
• David McCullough, 1993, 2002
• David Levering Lewis, 1994, 2001

W. A. Swanberg foi seleccionado pelo Conselho Pulitzer em 1962 e 1973 mas os curadores revogaram o prémio de 1962 prize para Citizen Hearst.^[3]

Ver também

• Prémio Pulitzer de História

Referências