TMEM176B

TMEM176B
Identifiers
Aliases	TMEM176B, LR8, MS4B2, transmembrane protein 176B
External IDs	OMIM: 610385; MGI: 1916348; HomoloGene: 8521; GeneCards: TMEM176B; OMA:TMEM176B - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7q36.1 Start 150,791,285 bp[1] End 150,801,360 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6 B2.3|6 23.75 cM Start 48,810,752 bp[2] End 48,818,430 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lobe of liver granulocyte mucosa of transverse colon gallbladder rectum human kidney mucosa of ileum cecum appendix decidua Top expressed in right kidney human kidney median eminence proximal tubule vestibular membrane of cochlear duct adrenal gland right lung vestibular sensory epithelium lactiferous gland right lung lobe More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 28959 65963 Ensembl ENSG00000106565 ENSMUSG00000029810 UniProt Q3YBM2 Q9R1Q6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001101311 NM_001101312 NM_001101313 NM_001101314 NM_014020 NM_001362691 NM_001362692 NM_001164207 NM_001164208 NM_001164209 NM_001286651 NM_001286652 NM_023056 RefSeq (protein) NP_001094781 NP_001094782 NP_001094784 NP_054739 NP_001349620 NP_001349621 NP_001157679 NP_001157680 NP_001157681 NP_001273580 NP_001273581 NP_075543 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 150.79 – 150.8 Mb Chr 6: 48.81 – 48.82 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Transmembrane Protein 176B, or TMEM176B is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM176B gene. It is thought to play a role in the process of maturation of dendritic cells.^[5]

Gene

Location

TMEM176B is also known as LR8, and MS4B2.^[6] The gene is found on the minus end of Chromosome 7, on the long arm at position 7q36.1.^[7] The starting position of the gene is at 150,791,287 and goes to 150,801,360. It has 10,074 base pairs and has a total of 11 exons.^[8]

Gene

TMEM176A and LOC105375566 is a neighbor of TMEM176B.^[9][10]

Expression

The gene is found to be most expressed in the liver with the kidney being the second most expressed tissue.^[6]

Transcript variants

There are 3 isoforms (A, B, C) of this gene with variants of isoform A and C. Isoform A variant 1 has 1444 nucleotides that encode 270 amino acids. There are 17 alternatively spliced variants with 1 unspliced transcript variant.^[11]

Homology

Paralogs

There is one paralog of TMEM176B which is TMEM176A.^[12]

Orthologs

Below is a table of orthologs of TMEM176B, these include close and somewhat distant orthologs.

There are around 125 orthologs of the gene ranging from primates to mice and to certain species of fish.^[13]

Homologs

The homologs of this gene include chimpanzee, rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, and rat.^[14]

Protein

The molecular weight of TMEM176B is 29.1 kilodaltons (kDa). The protein is rich in valine and poor in aspartic acid.^[15] There are 4 transmembrane regions within TMEM176B isoform a.^[16] There is a CD20 domain from 198-687.^[17]

Domains

The CD20-like family includes the CD20 gene but is part of the family pfam04103 which is part of superfamily cl04401. This specific domain region is 489 bp.^[18]

Secondary structure

TMEM176B is composed of alpha helices, beta strands and TM helices. The Alpha helices make up most of the secondary structure followed by TM helices.^[19]

Subcellular localization

Mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus but is additionally localized to the plasma membrane and nucleoplasm.^[20]

Protein-protein interactions

The protein interacts most commonly with TMEM176A. It also interacts with TMEM47 and CPXM1 (carboxypeptidase 1) but at lower levels.^[21]

Regulation

Gene

There are 11 promoters in TMEM176B. The promoter region before isoform a is 1101 bp and covers 150,799,077-150,800,177.^[22]

Protein

There are 4 phosphorylation sites in TMEM176B isoform a.^[23]

Clinical significance

There has been research that indicates that TMEM176B is associated with cancer when an abnormal of the gene accumulates.^[24]

References