Ignatius Frederick Horstmann

American prelate

His Excellency, The Most Reverend Ignatius Frederick Horstmann D.D.
Bishop of Cleveland

Church	Roman Catholic Church
See	Diocese of Cleveland
In office	February 25, 1892— May 13, 1908
Predecessor	Richard Gilmour
Successor	John Patrick Farrelly
Orders
Ordination	June 10, 1865 by Costantino Patrizi Naro
Consecration	February 25, 1892 by William Henry Elder
Personal details
Born	(1840-12-16)December 16, 1840 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died	May 13, 1908(1908-05-13) (aged 67) Canton, Ohio
Buried	Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist
Motto	Sustine et abstine (Sustain and abstain)
Signature

Ignatius Frederick Horstmann (December 16, 1840 – May 13, 1908) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland in Ohio from 1892 until his death in 1908.

Biography

Early life

Ignatius Horstmann was born on December 16, 1840, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Frederick and Catherine (née Weber) Horstmann.^[1] After graduating from Central High School, he attended St. Joseph's College and St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, all in Philadelphia.^[2] In 1860, Horstmann went to Rome to attend the Pontifical North American College, one of its first students.^[1]

Priesthood

While in Rome, Horstmann was ordained to the priesthood for the Archdiocese of Philadelphia by Cardinal Costantino Naro on February 10, 1865.^[3] He earned his Doctor of Divinity degree in Rome in 1866.^[2]

Upon his return to Philadelphia in 1866, Horstmann became professor of philosophy, German language, and Hebrew language at St. Charles Seminary.^[1] He was named pastor of St. Mary's Parish in Philadelphia in 1877, and chancellor of the archdiocese in 1885.^[2] Horstmann also served as assistant editor of the American Catholic Quarterly Review and president of the American Catholic Historical Society.^[1]

Bishop of Cleveland

On December 14, 1891, Horstmann was appointed as the third bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland by Pope Leo XIII.^[3] He received his episcopal consecration on February 25, 1892, from Archbishop William Elder, with Bishops William O'Hara and Silas Chatard serving as co-consecrators, at the Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul in Philadelphia.^[3]

In the early 1890's, Horstmann faced a schism within the diocese. Polish parishioners at St. Stanislaus Parish in Cleveland, led by Reverend Anton Kolaszewski, were demanding more control over their parish with more sensitivity to their customs. Despite Horstmann's refusal, Kolaszewski continued to press for independence and accused the bishop of sexual abuse crimes. In 1892, Horstmann relieved Kolaszewski of his post. When the new pastor arrived for his first mass, a brawl broke out among parishioners. In 1894, many parishioners started a new independent parish, Immaculate Heart of Mary, with Kolaszewski as pastor; Horstmann excommunicated all of them. Years later, after the deaths of both men, the new church returned to the diocese.^[4]

In 1907, Horstmann faced a second schism with Polish Catholics. After removing Reverend Casimir Zakrekac as pastor of St. Vitus Parish in Cleveland, he faced violent protests. After the parish rectory was stoned, the replacement priest was forced to flee. Over 100 people were arrested. On September 22, 1907, 5,000 Polish protesters marched on Horstmann's residence, demanding Zakrekac's reinstatement and home rule for St. Vitus. ^[5]

As bishop, Horstmann erected 22 ethnic parishes, but faced opposition from nationalist schismatic groups, including the Polish National Catholic Church.^[1] He founded the following institutions in the diocese:

Loyola High School in Cleveland (1902),
St. John's College in Toledo (1898),
St. Anthony Home for Working Boys in Cleveland.
The Catherine Horstmann Home in Cleveland for homeless women.^[1]

He encouraged the missionary movement, and established of the first band of missionaries (headed by Rev. Walter Elliott)^[1] in any diocese of the United States.^[2] He also expanded Catholic hospitals and orphanages, endorsed compulsory parochial schools, and served as a trustee of the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C.^[2]

Death and legacy

Horstmann died from heart disease in Canton on May 13, 1908, at age 67.^[2] He was described the Catholic Encyclopedia as "a zealous pastor of souls, a wise and prudent ruler, a fearless defender of truth."^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "HORSTMANN, IGNATIUS FREDERICK". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Cleveland". Catholic Encyclopedia.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Bishop Ignatius Frederick Horstmann". Catholic-Hierarchy.org.^{[self-published source]}
^ Paul, Mackenzie. "Immaculate Heart of Mary Church - The Struggle for a Polish Church in Cleveland's Warszawa". Cleveland Historical. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
^ "BISHOP'S HOUSE BESIEGED.; 5,000 Angry Polish Parishioners Demand Return of Former Priest". The New York Times. September 23, 1907. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 16, 2022.

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Richard Gilmour	Bishop of Cleveland 1892–1908	Succeeded by John Patrick Farrelly

Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland

Bishops

Ordinaries: Louis Amadeus Rappe; Richard Gilmour; Ignatius Frederick Horstmann; John Patrick Farrelly; Joseph Schrembs; Edward Francis Hoban; Clarence George Issenmann; James Aloysius Hickey; Anthony Michael Pilla; Richard Gerard Lennon; Nelson J. Pérez; Edward Charles Malesic

Auxiliaries: Joseph Maria Koudelka; James A. McFadden; William Michael Cosgrove; John Raphael Hagan; Floyd Lawrence Begin; John Krol; Clarence Edward Elwell; John Francis Whealon; Gilbert Ignatius Sheldon; Michael Joseph Murphy; James Anthony Griffin; James Patterson Lyke; Anthony Edward Pevec; Alexander James Quinn; Martin John Amos; Roger William Gries; Michael G. Woost

Churches

List: List of churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland

Cathedral: Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist

Parishes: Holy Rosary Church, Cleveland; Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, Cleveland; St. Barbara Church, Cleveland; St. Casimir Church, Cleveland; St. Elizabeth's Magyar Church, Cleveland; St. Michael the Archangel Church, Cleveland; St. Paul's Church, Cleveland; St. Peter Church, Cleveland; Shrine Church of St. Stanislaus, Cleveland; St. Stephen Church, Cleveland; St. Vitus's Church, Cleveland; St. Mary's Church, Elyria; Immaculate Conception Church, Grafton; St. Martin's Church, Valley City; St. Patrick's Church, Wellington

Former parishes: Annunciation Church, Cleveland; Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Cleveland; St. Joseph's Church, Cleveland; St. Mary's on the Flats, Cleveland; Transfiguration Church, Cleveland; St. Ladislaus Church, Lorain

Higher education