Idealism (Turkey)
Idealism (Turkish: Ülkücülük, Ülkücü düşünce), also known as Türkeşism (Turkish: Türkeşçilik, Türkeşçi düşünce) is a Turkish–Islamic synthesist ideology developed by Alparslan Türkeş and the Nationalist Movement Party as a principle of the Nine Lights Doctrine.[1][2][3]
The philosophy of Idealism was largely influenced by the ideas of Ziya Gökalp, a Turkish sociologist, writer, and poet. Gökalp believed that the Turkish people needed to create a new national identity that was distinct from their Ottoman past and grounded in their own cultural, historical, and linguistic traditions. He argued that this new identity ("Turkishness") should be based on the principles of Islam and Turkish nationalism, and that it should be promoted through education and cultural institutions.[4][5]
Idealism has had a significant influence on Turkish political and intellectual thought, and its ideas continue to shape the country's political and cultural landscape today.
Origin
The origins of the name go back to the terms "millî mefkure (ülkü)" used by Ziya Gökalp and "millî ülkü" used by Nihal Atsız and Pan-Turkists. 1950–1953 it was used by Turkish Nationalists Association during its years. Ülkü means "ideal" in terms of the word meaning. Ülkücülük is the equivalent of "idealism".[6]
On 3 May 1944, a large group protested the prosecution of Nihal Atsız in Istanbul as well as in Ankara[7] and his friends marched from the Ankara courthouse to Ulus square. Although the Turkism movement was a national policy in the state levels during the time of Atatürk, it begins with this event that it became a mass idea.[citation needed]
Alparslan Türkeş formed Idealism as an Islamist version of Atsızism.[8] Idealists often insist on Islamism and nationalism being one and equal, although Idealism was designed to pick nationalism whenever nationalism and Islamism contradict.[9] Nihal Atsız hated Idealism and viewed it as a corruption of his own teachings, and criticised Türkeş multiple times for it.[10]
Idealist political groups
- Republican Villagers Nation Party
- Nationalist Task Party
- Nationalist Movement Party
- Bright Turkey Party
- Good Party
- Victory Party
- National Path Party
- Great Unity Party
See also
References
- ^ Alparslan Türkeş, Millî Doktrin Dokuz Işık, Kutluğ Yayınları, İstanbul, 1975
- ^ Taslaman, Caner (7 January 2011). Küreselleşme Süreci̇nde Türki̇ye'de İslam. ISBN 9786058808201.
- ^ O'Sullivan, John (25 November 2006). The President, the Pope, and the Prime Minister: Three Who Changed the World. ISBN 9781596980341.
- ^ "Ziya Gökalp".
- ^ "Ziya Gökalp: His Life and Works | Turkish Cultural Foundation".
- ^ "idealizm", TDK Genel Türkçe Sözlük
- ^ Landau, Jacob M.; Landau, Gersten Professor of Political Science Jacob M.; Landau, Yaʻaqov M. (1995). Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism to Cooperation. Indiana University Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-0-253-32869-4.
- ^ Cenk Saraçoğlu, Nihal Atsız's World-View and Its Influences on the Shared Symbols, Rituals, Myths and Practices of the Ülkücü Movement
- ^ Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu MHP'den Neden Ayrıldı? | 1992 | 32.Gün Arşivi, retrieved 7 August 2023
- ^ "İBB, Maltepe'de bir parka Nihal Atsız adını vermeyi kararlaştırdı". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- v
- t
- e
- 9 September Front
- Association for Defence of National Rights
- Alperen Hearths
- Atsız Youth
- Black Gang
- Counter-Guerrilla
- Deep State
- Grey Wolves
- Kuva-yi Milliye
- Ottoman Hearths
- Peace at Home Council
- Turkish Revenge Brigade
- Turkish Hearths
- Turkish Resistance Organisation
- Turkists of Gebze
- TurkHackTeam
- Sultan Murad Division
- Youth Union of Turkey
- Wind Unit
parties
- Young Turks (Ottoman Empire)
- Committee of Union and Progress (Ottoman Empire)
- Republican People's Party (1923–1944)
- Nation Party (1948)
- Republican Villagers Nation Party
- Nation Party (1962)
- Nationalist Movement Party
- Nation Party (1992)
- Workers' Party (left-wing)
- Great Unity Party
- Bright Turkey Party
- Independent Turkey Party
- Homeland Party
- People's Ascent Party
- Nationalist and Conservative Party
- Rights and Equality Party
- National Party
- Patriotic Party
- Good Party
- Ziya Gökalp
- Talaat Pasha
- Enver Pasha
- Kâzım Karabekir
- Ali Suavi
- Ömer Seyfettin
- Noman Çelebicihan
- Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
- Yusuf Akçura
- Ali bey Huseynzade
- Ahmet Ağaoğlu
- Zeki Velidi Togan
- Rıza Nur
- Papa Eftim I
- Nihal Atsız
- Nejdet Sançar
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
- Peyami Safa
- Mahmut Esat Bozkurt
- Alparslan Türkeş
- Abulfaz Elchibey
- Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu
- Namık Kemal
- Gün Sazak
- Attilâ İlhan
- Doğu Perinçek
- Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu
- Kemal Kerinçsiz
- Meral Akşener
- Yusuf Halaçoğlu
- Ümit Özdağ
- Sinan Oğan
- Bülent Ecevit
events
- Adana massacre
- Hamidian massacres
- 1913 Ottoman coup d'état
- Greek genocide
- Armenian genocide
- Assyrian genocide
- Deportations of Kurds
- Turkish War of Independence
- Elza Niego affair
- Zilan massacre
- 1934 Thrace pogroms
- Dersim massacre
- Racism-Turanism trials
- Istanbul pogrom
- Battle of Tillyria
- 1957 arson attack at Tahtakale
- Sivas massacre
- Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul
- Turkish invasion of Cyprus
- Beyazıt massacre
- Political violence in Turkey
- Maraş massacre
- Assassination of Kemal Türkler
- 1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt
- Zirve Publishing House murders
- Gezi Park protests
- Assassination of Hrant Dink
- Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings
- 2005 Istanbul pogrom exhibition assault
- Murder of Deniz Poyraz
- Atatürk's reforms
- Turkish History Thesis
- Place name changes
- Öztürkçe
- Language reform
- Animal name changes
- 1934 Resettlement Law
- Varlık Vergisi
- The Twenty Classes
- Citizen, speak Turkish!
- Confiscation of Armenian property
- Surname Law
- Denial of Kurds by Turkey
- Article 301
- How happy is the one who says I am a Turk
- Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation
- Armenian genocide denial
- Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez!