Central Cordilleran languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
| Central Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | northern Luzon |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Glottolog | cent2296 |
The Central Cordilleran languages are a group of closely related languages within the Northern Luzon subgroup of the Austronesian language family. They are spoken in the interior highlands of Northern Luzon in the Cordillera Central mountain range.[1][2]
Classification
Reid (1974) classifies the Central Cordilleran languages as follows:[1]
- Central Cordilleran
- Isinai
- North Central Cordilleran
- Kalinga–Itneg
- Itneg (a dialect cluster)
- Kalinga (a dialect cluster)
- Nuclear Cordilleran
- Ifugao
- Balangao
- Bontok–Kankanay
- Bontok–Finallig
- Kankanaey
- Kalinga–Itneg
Reid (1991) has suggested that the Central Cordilleran languages are most closely related to the Southern Cordilleran languages,[3] which is supported by numerous exclusively shared innovations listed by Himes (2005).[2]
Reconstruction
| Proto-Central Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Central Cordilleran languages |
Reconstructed ancestors | Proto-Austronesian
|
Proto-Central Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Reid (1974; 2006).[1][4]
Phonology
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i | *ɨ | *u |
| Open | *a |
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | *p | *t | *k | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *d | *g | |||
| Fricative | *s | |||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ŋ | |||
| Lateral | *l | |||||
| Approximant | *w | *y | ||||
Proto-Central Cordilleran can be reconstructed with phonemic stress.
Vocabulary
The comparison table (taken from Reid (1974)[1] illustrates the correspondences between the Central Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Central Cordilleran innovations.
| Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isinai | Kalinga | Ifugao | PCC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| béoy | boloy | baluy | *balɨy | *balay | 'house' | ||
| páχoy | págoy | páguy | *págɨy | *pajay | 'rice' | ||
| Central Cordilleran innovations | |||||||
| Isinai | Kalinga | Ifugao | PCC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| ʔíla | ʔíla | ʔíla | *ʔíla | (*kita) | 'see' | ||
| dalit | dalit | dalet | *dalit | (*tuNa) | 'eel' | ||
| kolaŋ | ʔolaŋ | ʔolaŋ | *kɨlaŋ | (*quləj) | 'worm' | ||
| waŋwaŋ | waŋwaŋ | waŋwaŋ | *waŋwaŋ | (*iluR) | 'river' | ||
References
- ^ a b c d Reid, Lawrence A. (1974). "The Central Cordilleran Subgroup of Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 13 (1/2): 511–560. doi:10.2307/3622752. hdl:10125/32979. JSTOR 3622752.
- ^ a b Himes, Ronald S. 2005. The Meso-Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages. In Hsiu-chuan Liao and Carl R. Galvez Rubino (eds.), Current Issues in Philippine Linguistics and Anthropology: Parangal kay Lawrence A. Reid, 81-92. Manila, Philippines: Linguistic Society of the Philippines and SIL Philippines.
- ^ Reid, Lawrence A. (1991). "The Alta languages of the Philippines". In Ray Harlow (ed.). VICAL 2, Western Austronesian and Contact Languages. Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Auckland: Linguistic Society of New Zealand. pp. 265–297.
- ^ Reid, Lawrence A. (2006). "On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 37: 1–64.
External links
- "Central Cordilleran" at Ethnologue, 23rd ed., 2020
- v
- t
- e
| Cagayan Valley | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meso-Cordilleran |
| ||||||
| |
| Sambalic | |
|---|---|
Philippine
| Southern Mindoro | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Philippine |
| ||||||||||
| Palawanic | |||||||||||
| Subanen | |||||||||||
| Danao | |||||||||||
| Manobo | |||||||||||
| Gorontalo–Mongondow |
| |
| Manide–Alabat | |
|---|---|
- † indicates extinct status
- ? indicates classification dispute
