Annie Dodge Wauneka
Navajo Nation activist (1910–1997)
George Wauneka
(m. 1929; died 1994)K'eehabah
Navajo Medal of Honor
Indian Council Fire Achievement Award
Annie Dodge Wauneka (née Dodge; April 11, 1910 – November 10, 1997) was an influential member of the Navajo Nation as member of the Navajo Nation Council.[1] As a member and three term head of the council's Health and Welfare Committee, she worked to improve the health and education of the Navajo. Wauneka is widely known for her countless efforts to improve health on the Navajo Nation, focusing mostly on the eradication of tuberculosis within her nation. She also authored a dictionary, in which translated English medical terms into the Navajo language.[2] She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 by Lyndon B. Johnson as well as the Indian Council Fire Achievement Award and the Navajo Medal of Honor.[3] She also received an honorary doctorate in Humanities (public health) from the University of New Mexico.[4][5] In 2000, Wauneka was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.[6]
Early life
Annie Dodge was the daughter of the Navajo leader Henry Chee Dodge and his third partner K'eehabah, or Mary Shirley Begaye, of Deer Spring, Arizona.[1][7] K'eehabah was forced to associate with Chee and unwillingly lived with him, often returning to her family in the Deer Spring area. It was during this time Annie was born, approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) south of current-day Sawmill, Arizona. When Annie was a year old, she moved in with her father's family and was raised by her step-mother Nanabah and aunt Asdza Yazzie.[7] At the age of five, Annie began helping her father herd various farm animals including horses, donkeys, and goats.[8] In the summers, Annie would routinely visit her mother who also herded sheep. Annie also had a half-sister and five half brothers in Deer Spring, where their descendants still live today.
Education
In 1918 at the age of 8, she was sent to the Bureau of Indian Affairs Boarding School in Fort Defiance, Arizona, where she learned the English language. During that first year at school, the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic struck the students and faculty. Annie recovered from a mild case of the flu and stayed at the school to help care for the other student flu victims. This experience helped inspire her later interest in public health.[1] Annie would experience another epidemic during her fourth grade year when an outbreak of trachoma struck the Fort Defiance area. Following the outbreak, many students, including Annie, were sent to the nearby St. Michaels Catholic Mission.[7] Beginning in the sixth grade, Annie attended the Albuquerque Indian School in Albuquerque, New Mexico. She attended the Albuquerque Indian School until she completed her studies in the eleventh grade.
Later in her life, Annie received a bachelor's degree in public health from the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. She was also awarded with an honorary doctorate from the University of New Mexico.[7]
During her time attending the Albuquerque Indian School, Annie met George Wauneka, whom she would later marry in 1929.[7]
Career
Following graduation Annie married George Wauneka and traveled around the Navajo nation with her father. Seeing the lack of medical treatment and poverty Annie found her calling. In 1951, she became the second woman to be elected to the Tribal Council, after Lilly Neil.[9][10][notes 1] She was immediately appointed head of the council's Health and Welfare Committee. She served in that committee for her 27 years in the council and served as its head for three terms. Wauneka accomplished much during her years on the council including translating medical terms into Navajo, a radio show explaining health issues, and better care for the community. Her work improved care for pregnant women, babies, eye and ear health, and alcoholism. Sanitation and housing improved under her term in the council. In 1953, her husband was running for the position that Wauneka had been holding, but she felt he was not a good candidate, so she ran against him and defeated him.[4]
Death
Wauneka died at a nursing home in Toyei, Arizona, on November 10, 1997.[11]
References
- ^ a b c Martinez, Donna; Williams Bordeaux, Jennifer L. (2017). 50 Events That Shaped American Indian History: An Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic [2 Volumes]. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. pp. 452–457. ISBN 9781440846496.
- ^ "Wauneka, Annie Dodge | Arizona Health Sciences Library". ahsl.arizona.edu. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
- ^ Niethammer, Carolyn J. (2006). Keeping the rope straight : Annie Dodge Wauneka's life of service to the Navajo. Jessie Ruffenach. Flagstaff, Ariz.: Salina Bookshelf. pp. 82, 104. ISBN 978-1-893354-72-2. OCLC 61651810.
- ^ a b Native American women : a biographical dictionary. Gretchen M. Bataille, Laurie Lisa (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. 2001. p. 329. ISBN 0-203-80104-0. OCLC 54026385.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Neithammer, p. 98
- ^ "Wauneka, Annie Dodge". National Women’s Hall of Fame. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "Biography of Annie Dodge Wauneka – New Mexico History". Retrieved March 29, 2022.
- ^ Witt, Shirley (1981). "An Interview with Dr. Annie Dodge Wauneka". Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies. 6 (3): 64–67. doi:10.2307/3346218. JSTOR 3346218 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Iverson, Peter; Roessel, Monty (2002). Dine: A History of the Navajos. University of New Mexico Press. p. 192. ISBN 9780826327154.
- ^ Neithammer, p. 38.
- ^ Wepman, Dennis (September 2011). "Wauneka, Annie Dodge (1910-1997), Native-American activist". American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1501329.
Notes
- ^ Several references, including Harrison Lapahie Annie Dodge Wauneka Archived October 26, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, 1999, have made the mistaken claim that Annie was the first women to be elected to the Council
Further reading
- Harrison Lapahie Jr. Annie Dodge Wauneka, 1999.
- Nelson, Mary Caroll. Annie Wauneka. Dillon, 1972.
- Wauneka, Annie D. "The Dilemma for Indian Women." Wassaja 4 (September 1976): 8.
- Saxon, Wolfgang (November 16, 1997). "Annie D. Wauneka, 87, Dies; Navajo Medical Crusader". The New York Times. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
- Cleere, Jan (September 16, 2016). "Western women: Annie Dodge Wauneka was leader, voice of Navajo Nation". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
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