Overview of the events of 2004 in science
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The year 2004 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Anthropology
Astronomy
Biology
- April 22 – Trees have a theoretical maximum height of 130 m (426 ft) before gravity restricts their growth, according to a study published in Nature.[5]
- July 30 – Marine biologists from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute announce in the journal Science the discovery of the genus Osedax, deep sea worms that feed on lipids in decaying whale carcasses.
Computing
Earth sciences
- September 28 – A long-awaited earthquake strikes Parkfield, California, the most closely monitored earthquake zone in the world. The earthquake, which had been expected to have occurred by the late 1980s, strikes at a magnitude 6.0. The network of instruments that had been installed in the region make this the most well-recorded earthquake in history.
- December 26 – Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
Mathematics
Paleontology
Philosophy
Physics
Technology
Space exploration
- January 2 – NASA's Stardust space probe flies by comet 81P/Wild and collects particle samples from its coma.
- January 4 – NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission Spirit (MER-A), the first of two Mars rovers, lands successfully on Mars in the crater Gusev (Columbia Memorial Station) at 04:35 SCET.
- January 25 – NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission Opportunity (MER-B), the second Mars rover, lands successfully on Mars in the Meridiani Planum at 05:05 SCET.
- March 2
- NASA report that the area where their Mars rover Opportunity touched down shows unmistakable signs of contact with water in the geological past.
- The European Space Agency's Rosetta mission launches, aiming to land on Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko in 2014.
- March 4 – NASA's Spirit finds evidence of past contact with water in volcanic rocks on Mars.
- April 1 – The Genesis probe closes and seals its particle collection instrument, and begins to return to Earth.
- June 11 – Cassini–Huygens, the NASA/ESA mission to Saturn, makes a flyby of one of Saturn's small outer moons, Phoebe.
- June 21 – SpaceShipOne, the first civilian space ship is launched in California, reaching an altitude of 100 km (62 mi), just passing the edge of space.
- July 1 – The Cassini-Huygens space probe arrives at Saturn and begins its nominal 4-year mission after successfully reaching orbit.
- August 2 – NASA successfully launches the MESSENGER probe on its 5-year trip to Mercury.
- September 8 – The Genesis spacecraft returns to Earth with captured solar wind particles, but crash-lands because of a failure to deploy any parachute.
- October 4 – SpaceShipOne wins the Ansari X Prize after reaching an altitude of over 100 km (62 mi) for the second time in less than five days.
- November 15 – The SMART-1 space probe reaches orbit around the Moon. It is the first European space mission to do so.
- December 25 – The Cassini probe successfully drops the Huygens probe, sending it onto a trip to land on Saturn's moon Titan.
Awards
Appointments
Deaths
- January 6 – Thomas Stockham (b. 1933), American electrical engineer and inventor.
- January 12 – Olga Ladyzhenskaya (b. 1922), Soviet mathematician.
- February 6 – Humphry Osmond (b. 1917), English-born psychiatrist.
- February 21 – John D. Hoffman (b. 1922), American nuclear chemist.
- March 15
- April 6 – Biswa Ranjan Nag (b. 1932), Indian physicist.
- April 19 – John Maynard Smith (b. 1920), English evolutionary biologist and geneticist.
- May 27 – Mikhail Postnikov (b. 1927), Soviet mathematician, known for his work in algebraic and differential topology.
- June 8 – David Mervyn Blow (b. 1931), English biophysicist.
- July 3 – Andriyan Nikolayev (b. 1929), cosmonaut.
- July 28 – Francis Crick (b. 1916), American Nobel laureate in Physiology for discovering the double helix structure for DNA.
- August 12 – John Clark (b. 1951), English-born molecular biologist, head of the Roslin Institute and part of the team that cloned Dolly the Sheep.
- August 15 – Sune K. Bergström (b. 1916), Swedish biochemist, winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Medicine.
- August 31 – Fred Whipple (b. 1906), American astronomer who coined the term "dirty snowball" to explain the nature of comets.
- October 5 – Maurice Wilkins (b. 1916), New Zealand-born British Nobel laureate in Physiology for discovering the double helix structure for DNA using X-ray diffraction.
- October 19 – Lewis Urry (b. 1927), Canadian inventor of the long-lasting alkaline battery.
- October 21 – Magdalena K. P. Smith Meyer (b. 1931), South African acarologist.
- November 18 – Robert Bacher (b. 1905), American nuclear physicist and one of the leaders of the Manhattan Project, Professor and Provost of the California Institute of Technology.
- November 20 – Ancel Keys (b. 1904), American nutritionist.
- December 26 – Frank Pantridge (b. 1916), Northern Irish cardiologist.
- December 29 – Julius Axelrod, (b. 1912), American biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology for work with catecholamine neurotransmitters.
References
- ^ Brown, P.; Sutikna, T.; Morwood, M. J.; Soejono, R. P.; Jatmiko, Wayhu; Saptomo, E.; Rokus Awe Due (October 27, 2004). "A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia" (PDF). Nature. 431 (7012): 1055–1061. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1055B. doi:10.1038/nature02999. PMID 15514638. S2CID 26441.
- ^ Brown, Michael E.; Trujillo, Chadwick; Rabinowitz, David (10 December 2004). "Discovery of a Candidate Inner Oort Cloud Planetoid". The Astrophysical Journal. 617 (1): 645–649. arXiv:astro-ph/0404456. Bibcode:2004ApJ...617..645B. doi:10.1086/422095. S2CID 7738201.
- ^ "Chandra :: Photo Album :: Galaxy Clusters and Dark Energy". chandra.harvard.edu. 18 May 2004.
- ^ Giles, Jim (2005). "Huge explosion traced to exotic star". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-18.
- ^ Koch, George W.; Sillett, Stephen C.; Jennings, Gregory M.; Davis, Stephen D. (2004). "The limits to tree height" (PDF). Nature. 428 (6985): 851–854. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..851K. doi:10.1038/nature02417. PMID 15103376. S2CID 11846291. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-21. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
- ^ "Fossil find 'oldest land animal'". BBC News. 2005-01-25. Retrieved 2014-05-25.
- ^ Daeschler, Edward B.; Shubin, Neil H.; Jenkins, Farish A. Jr (6 April 2006). "A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan". Nature. 440 (7085): 757–763. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..757D. doi:10.1038/nature04639. PMID 16598249.
- ^ Kim, E.; Chan, M. H. W. (2004). "Probable observation of a supersolid helium phase". Nature. 427 (6971): 225–227. Bibcode:2004Natur.427..225K. doi:10.1038/nature02220. PMID 14724632. S2CID 3112651.
- ^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts; Utyonkoy, V. K.; Lobanov, Yu. V.; Abdullin, F. Sh; Polyakov, A. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Gulbekian, G. G.; Bogomolov, S. L.; Mezentsev, A. N.; Iliev, S.; Subbotin, V. G.; Sukhov, A. M.; Voinov, A. A.; Buklanov, G. V.; Subotic, K.; Zagrebaev, V. I.; Itkis, M. G.; Patin, J. B.; Moody, K. J.; Wild, J. F.; Stoyer, M. A.; Stoyer, N. J.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Kenneally, J. M.; Lougheed, R. W. (2004-02-02). "Experiments on the synthesis of element 115 in the reaction 243Am(48Ca,xn)291−x115" (PDF). Physical Review C. 69 (2): 021601. Bibcode:2004PhRvC..69b1601O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.021601. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-07. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
- ^ "Nano-foam makes magnetic debut – physicsworld.com". physicsweb.org.
- ^ Paredes, Belén; Widera, Artur; Murg, Valentin; Mandel, Olaf; Fölling, Simon; Cirac, Ignacio; Shlyapnikov, Gora V.; Hänsch, Theodor W.; Bloch, Immanuel (2004). "Tonks–Girardeau gas of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice". Nature. 429 (6989): 277–281. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..277P. doi:10.1038/nature02530. PMID 15152247. S2CID 4423003.
- ^ Plazanet, M.; Floare, C.; Johnson, M. R.; Schweins, R.; Trommsdorff, H. P. (2004). "Freezing on heating of liquid solutions". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 121 (11): 5031–5034. Bibcode:2004JChPh.121.5031P. doi:10.1063/1.1794652. PMID 15352791.
- ^ Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Firsov, A. A. (2004-10-22). "Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films". Science. 306 (5696): 666–669. arXiv:cond-mat/0410550. Bibcode:2004Sci...306..666N. doi:10.1126/science.1102896. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15499015. S2CID 5729649.
- ^ "This Month in Physics History: October 22, 2004: Discovery of Graphene". APS News. Series II. 18 (9): 2. October 2009. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
External links
- "The year in science and technology in Israel". IsraCast. Archived from the original on 2006-03-16. Retrieved 2006-01-12.